Recent Progress on Nickel-Based Oxide/(Oxy)Hydroxide Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Developing clean and sustainable energies as alternatives to fossil fuels is in strong demand within modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the efficiency-limiting process in plenty of key renewable energy systems, such as electrochemical water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. In this regard, ongoing efforts have been devoted to seeking high-performance electrocatalysts for enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Apart from traditional precious-metal-based catalysts, nickel-based compounds are the most promising earth-abundant OER catalysts, attracting ever-increasing interest due to high activity and stability. In this review, the recent progress on nickel-based oxide and (oxy)hydroxide composites for water oxidation catalysis in terms of materials design/synthesis and electrochemical performance is summarized. Some underlying mechanisms to profoundly understand the catalytic active sites are also highlighted. In addition, the future research trends and perspectives on the development of Ni-based OER electrocatalysts are discussed.     

Statistics of polymer capture by a nanopore: A Brownian dynamics simulation study

We investigate the statistics of polymer capture by a nanopore using Brownian dynamics simulations. It is found that when the velocity flux is greater than a critical velocity flux, the capture picture is a random selection process, otherwise it tends to a statistical process governed by energetic considerations. In addition, the chain ends capture probability decreases as the chain length increases and satisfies a power-law scaling of P0(N)~N-0.8.     

Studies on metabolism of total glucosides of paeony from Paeoniae Radix Alba in rats by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS

Total glucosides of paeony are the active constituents of Paeoniae Radix Alba. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed to find more metabolites and the differences between paeoniflorin, albiflorin and total glucosides of paeony (TGP). This strategy was characterized as follows: firstly, the animals were divided into three groups (paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP) to identify the source of TGP metabolites from paeoniflorin or albiflorin; secondly, a generic information‐dependent acquisition scan for the low‐level metabolites was triggered by the multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction; thirdly, the metabolites were identified with a combination of data‐processing methods including mass defect filtering, neutral loss filtering and product ion filtering; finally, a comparative study was used in the metabolism of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP. Based on the strategy, 18 metabolites of TGP, 10 metabolites of paeoniflorin and 13 metabolites of albiflorin were identified respectively. The results indicated that the hydrolysis, conjugation reaction and oxidization were the major metabolic pathways, and the metabolic sites were the glycosidic linkage, the ester bond and the benzene ring. This study is first to explore the metabolism of TGP, and these findings enhance our understanding of the metabolism and the interactions of paeoniflrin and albiflorin in TGP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

General Formation of Macro-/Mesoporous Nanoshells from Interfacial Assembly of Irregular Mesostructured Nanounits

Mesoporous core–shell nanostructures with controllable ultra-large open channels in their nanoshells are of great interest. However, soft template-directed cooperative assembly to mesoporous nanoshells with highly accessible pores larger than 30 nm, or even above 50 nm into macroporous range, remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a general approach for precisely tailored coating of hierarchically macro-/mesoporous polymer and carbon shells, possessing highly accessible radial channels with extremely wide pore size distribution from ca. 10 nm to ca. 200 nm, on diverse functional materials. This strategy creates opportunities to tailor the interfacial assembly of irregular mesostructured nanounits on core materials and generate various core–shell nanomaterials with controllable pore architectures. The obtained Fe,N-doped macro-/mesoporous carbon nanoshells show enhanced electrochemical performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline condition.     

YBa2Cu1-xCox(Cu1-yZny)2Oz体系的Co,Zn共同掺杂效应

本文报道通过对YBa₂Cu_1-xCo_x(Cu_1-yZn_y)₂O_z(0≤x,y≤0.1)体系晶体结构、氧含量、正常态电阻-温度关系、Hall效应以及超导临界温度等的综合测量,发现随着Co和Zn含量的增加,体系经历了从正交结构的超导金属向四方结构的非超导半导体的转变,超导临界温度T_c和载流子浓度n_h均迅速下降,Co 关键词：     

钙钛矿型Sr_（1－x）Bi_xFeO_（3－y）系列物的结构、电性及铁氧化态研究

在１１００℃制备了钙钛矿型非计量系列物Ｓｒ_（１－ｘ）Ｂｉ_ｘＦｅＯ_（３－ｙ），与文献相比，明显具有温度低、时间短、能耗少的特点。用化学分析方法测得其化学式及Ｆｅ离子的平均价态，用ＸＲＤ、交流阻抗、ＩＲ、Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱等方法研究了其结构与性质，该类化合物具有Ｐｍ３ｍ对称性和半导体性质，铁离子会产生电荷歧化现象。     

线性双向联想存储器

提出了一个线性双向联想存储器的模型，一组有限个向量对由一线性算子建立起双向联想关系，此线性算于是一个网络的联结权重矩阵。该权矩阵由最小二乘法决定。由权矩阵的解导出一特殊类型的Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ矩阵方程．本文提供了这种Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ矩阵方程的解。     

用短谐振腔结构优化THz电磁波参量振荡器的输出特性

以MgO：LiNbO₃为非线性光学介质，通过采用一种高性能腔反射镜实现了一种85mm短腔长的法布里-珀罗式的光学参量振荡器，产生THz电磁波的实验结果.这种短腔长THz参量振荡器比传统的160mm腔长的振荡阈值降低了22.3％；峰值能量提高了170％；频率调谐范围从0.5—2.4THz提高到0.8—3.1THz.还报道了一种基于平面金属丝网的法布里-珀罗干涉仪测量THz波线宽的实验结果. 关键词： THz电磁波 OPO 非线性光学 3')" href="#">LiNbO₃     

共沉淀法制备Y_2O_2S∶Eu~(3+),Mg~(2+),Ti~(4+)红色长余辉材料

用共沉淀法制备了Y2O2S∶Eu3 ,Mg2 ,Ti4 红色长余辉材料。测量了材料的电子显微形貌、晶体结构和发射光谱。通过与固相法制备的Y2O2S∶Eu3 ,Mg2 ,Ti4 长余辉材料比较,发现两种方法都可以制备粒度基本相同的纯相Y2O2S基质晶体,但共沉淀法样品的颗粒结构更松散。研究了Eu3 浓度对两种方法制备样品的谱线发射强度的影响,通过比较共沉淀法和高温固相法制备的样品中Eu3 的5D1→7F3较高能级跃迁的587.6 nm谱线强度随Eu3 浓度的变化,发现共沉淀法更有利于Eu3 均匀进入Y2O2S基质晶格而形成有效的发光中心。     

利用杨辉三角形对称性推导高阶运动微分方程

利用Mathematica数学软件计算函数r=r(q(t),t)各变量之间偏导和高阶导数的关系，发现具有杨辉三角形对称性.结合杨辉三角形的对称性规律和牛顿第二定律推导出了高阶运动微分方程，并讨论了理想约束系统下的高阶运动微分方程. 关键词： 杨辉三角形 牛顿第二定律 高阶运动微分方程 高阶力变率 高阶速度能量 理想约束